Может быть. Say - said; bray - brayed. Не знаю, правило ли это; но кажется ("чувствуется"), что да. Но я не эксперт и мне хотелось внешних подтверждений; это пока первое.
Let's pretend you create a (static) array of special cases. If the size of the array is big, you say this is a special rule. However, the size may be any integer number. Even for (size == 1) it may be considered a rule.
Technically, one could introduce a difference between a rule (code: something that can be executed) and an exception (data, such as an array or list of individual exceptions). In linguistics, my understanding is the situation is similar. Of course, if the rule only covers one or two cases, it is trivial and in practice not really different from an exception.
Kids in US schools are now taught to read and spell phonetically. Words like this are called "red words" because they don't follow the rules. There are a lot of red words.
Yes, there must be plenty of such red words in English, and perhaps some of them may be grouped in rules. For others no useful rules may be found (or perhaps only trivial rules which cover one or two cases). Really, the difference between a rule and an exception may be murky.
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relay (tiles) -- relaid
relay (pass along) -- relayed
Hope that helps...
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Collins English Dictionary
pay comes from Old French payer
by the way, the second meaning of pay - Nautical. to caulk (the seams of a wooden vessel) with pitch or tar
has past tense payed
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Сема, не заморачивайтесь правилами
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